The School of Geography and Sustainable Development hosts a diverse and vibrant community of around 50 research students, most of whom are studying for a three-year PhD. PhD (Doctorate), normally of three years duration leading to a thesis of no more than 80,000 words and an oral examination. The University of St Andrews offers beautiful surroundings and a stimulating, interdisciplinary intellectual atmosphere. Coupled with supportive supervision, high-quality library and laboratory facilities, the University provides an excellent environment that enables world-class research into a wide range of topics. The School specialises in the following research areas: environmental change, geographies or sustainability, society, inequalities and possibilities, population and health.