A research degree in the Faculty of Biological Sciences is an opportunity to gain and develop skills as an independent researcher in your chosen field. Under the supervision of your lead supervisor and one or more co-supervisors, you will get the chance to carry out cutting-edge research on a particular biological problem and to become part of a large research community using multi-disciplinary approaches to tackle today’s important research questions. Throughout your PhD you will not only strengthen your research skills and knowledge within your research area but also develop skills through our training programmes as well as through attendance as seminars and conferences.Utilising membranes and membrane proteins in biosynthetic fuel cells and biosensors. The membranes that surround cells and the compartments within them play critical roles in almost all aspects of biology, ranging from the uptake of nutrients and perception of the environment to the transmission of information from one part of the organism to another. Membrane proteins account for more than 20% of those encoded by the human genome, their dysfunction is involved in a range of common diseases, and are the targets of more than half of currently-used therapeutic drugs.