Doctoral study within the School of Economics and Finance at the University of St Andrews is an excellent preparation for careers in different fields. Previous alumni have subsequently followed successful careers in academia, industry, finance, public sector institutions, central banks and international organisations such as the United Nations, International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Economics is a social science concerning the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services, whilst finance is the study of managing available funds. Economics and finance courses at St Andrews provide structured explorations of key concepts, analysis and techniques.